Canon EOS 70D

Manufacturer: Canon
Type: camera (DSLR)
Sensor: APS-C CMOS, 20.2 megapixels
Image processor: DIGIC 5+
ISO range: 100—12800 (expandable to 25600)
Burst rate: 7 fps
Autofocus: 19-point all cross-type (viewfinder); Dual Pixel CMOS AF (Live View/video)
Metering: 63-zone Dual Layer IFCL
Flash sync: 1/250s
Video: 1080p Full HD at 30/25/24 fps (ALL-I or IPB codecs)
Audio: Built-in stereo microphone with manual audio level adjustment
Connectivity: Built-in Wi-Fi
LCD: 3-inch vari-angle touchscreen
Year introduced: 2013
Body price: $1,199 USD (body only); $1,349 with EF-S 18-55mm IS STM; $1,549 with EF-S 18-135mm IS STM ([1])

Overview

The Canon EOS 70D, announced on July 2, 2013 and available from September 2013, was the ninth camera in Canon’s prosumer APS-C XX-series dating back to the EOS D30 and D60, through the popular 10D, 20D, 30D, 40D, 50D, and 60D ([2]). Its defining innovation was Canon’s Dual Pixel CMOS AF — a phase-detection autofocus system built directly into the imaging sensor. Unlike competing cameras that embedded only a handful of phase-detection points on the sensor, the 70D integrated phase-detection capability into every pixel, allowing 80% of the sensor area to serve as phase-detection AF sites simultaneously with imaging ([3]). Canon described the resulting video autofocus as “close to the quality of a video shot with a camcorder” ([4]).

For underwater photographers, the 70D offered meaningful improvements over the Canon EOS 60D: an improved 19-point all cross-type AF system (inherited from the Canon EOS 7D), 7 fps burst shooting, enhanced ISO performance, and the vari-angle touchscreen LCD. The built-in Wi-Fi proved unexpectedly useful even in diving contexts — users could browse images on a smartphone or tablet via direct Wi-Fi connection without opening the housing between dives, though Wi-Fi signals do not propagate through water ([5]; [6]).

The camera featured Canon’s DIGIC 5+ image processor, 63-zone Dual Layer IFCL metering, and compatibility with the full range of Canon EF and EF-S lenses ([7]). Nauticam’s press release characterized the 70D as heralding “the revenge of APS-C in 2013” after 2012’s wave of full-frame camera releases ([8]).

The 70D attracted housings from seven manufacturers — an unusually broad range that reflected the camera’s popularity as an affordable entry point for serious underwater photography. It was also the first Canon camera to feature Dual Pixel CMOS AF, a technology Canon later explained in detail through a 2017 article and video, noting it had been incorporated into “many of the company’s pro level SLR cameras, including 7D Mark II and 5D Mark IV” as well as the Cinema EOS line ([9]).

Dual Pixel CMOS AF: Underwater Significance

The Dual Pixel CMOS AF system was the 70D’s most consequential feature for underwater use. With Movie Servo AF enabled, the camera provided continuous phase-detection AF during video recording, tracking moving subjects across the central 80% of the imaging area. This was a genuine breakthrough for underwater videographers, who had previously been limited to slower contrast-detect AF or manual focus when shooting video with DSLRs ([10]).

Forum user maelstrom reported after approximately 70 dives with the 70D in a Nauticam housing that the “video autofocus worked flawlessly, even on Mantas in fairly murky water” at the Revillagigedo Islands, calling the video “vastly better than previous DSLRs, mostly due to the dual pixel autofocus” ([11]). User leebo92 confirmed that Dual Pixel AF worked well underwater across the 70D, 7D Mark II, 5D Mark IV, and 1D X Mark II, stating it had been “exceptionally accurate” compared to other large-sensor cameras with continuous AF ([12]).

The technology was best paired with Canon’s STM (Stepping Motor) lenses, which reduced motor noise during video recording so the camera’s built-in stereo microphone would primarily capture ambient sound ([13]). A key limitation for housing use was that the touchscreen AF point selection could not be activated through a housing — users had to rely on the joystick/multi-controller to move the AF point, or use the shutter release for automatic selection ([14]).

Video Quality Assessment

Community assessment of the 70D’s video quality was mixed. While the autofocus was universally praised, early test footage drew criticism. Forum user espenb evaluated pre-production video and found “images are extremely soft, a bit noisy and moire and aliasing are everywhere” ([15]). CheungyDiver noted the camera was “limited to the heavily compressed H264 and 8bit bandwidth” and could not surpass the 5D Mark III in raw video, with speculation that Magic Lantern would eventually enable raw video recording as it had for other Canon DSLRs ([16]).

In the context of the broader Canon DSLR lineup for underwater video, forum discussion in 2016 positioned the Dual Pixel Canon models (70D, 80D, 7D Mark II) as having “by far” the best video autofocus, ahead of both Sony phase-detect cameras and Micro Four Thirds options, though the 70D lacked 4K capability ([17]).

A notable underwater video was produced by Wetpixel member EunJae Im (forum name “escape”), who filmed the marine life of the Southern Atolls of the Maldives using an EOS 70D in a Nauticam housing with a Canon EF 10-22mm and an 8-16mm Sigma behind a 9-inch dome. The resulting short film was published on Wetpixel in April 2014 and drew praise for its visual quality ([18]).

Housing Availability

Seven manufacturers produced housings for the Canon EOS 70D, ranging from $1,600 to $3,300. Each brought distinctive design philosophies:

Ikelite (Product No. 6870.70)

Announced September 2013 and available from early October, the Ikelite housing was among the first to market at $1,600 USD. Key features included built-in proprietary TTL circuitry for use with Ikelite DS Substrobes (eliminating the need to fire the camera’s built-in flash), video record start/stop and AF lock controls on side levers, and an included aluminum tray with dual rubberized handles. The clear polycarbonate construction allowed visual inspection of the o-ring seal while closed. Ikelite’s universal zoom gear system was included with two sets for different lens diameters ([19]). Forum user jdaldive listed an Ikelite 70D housing with 8-inch dome port and 2.75-inch extension as used only once, suggesting some buyers found them surplus after brief use ([20]).

Nauticam NA-70D (Model 17312)

Shipping from October 1, 2013 at $3,300 USD. The NA-70D was notable as the first Nauticam housing to ship with the company’s new integrated electronic vacuum check and leak detection system as standard — a system reviewed in depth by Steve Douglas on Wetpixel. The review, which included photographs of the system installed in a 70D housing, described a simple LED indicator: solid green = housing vacuum OK, yellow blinking = partial vacuum (two different blink rates), red blinking = ambient pressure (vacuum lost), red solid with sound alarm = moisture present. The system was temperature-compensated, so a vacuum pulled in an air-conditioned room would not give false alarms when taken into tropical heat. Douglas noted that pumping down the NA-7D (used for testing) took “less than twelve pumps” and under six seconds ([21]).

The housing featured Nauticam’s patent-pending Multi Controller Pad, allowing full 8-way controller access with the right thumb — especially useful for video focus pulling with Dual Pixel AF. The ISO control was positioned on a dedicated paddle lever for quick changes. Rated to 100m depth, weighing 3.17 kg, with dimensions of 348mm x 185mm x 135mm with handles. The housing supported an extensive lens lineup including the Tokina 10-17mm, Canon 8-15mm, Canon EF-S 10-22mm, Canon 100mm macro, Canon 180mm macro, and Sigma 17-70mm, among others. Optional accessories included SmallHD DP4 monitor housing with HDMI connectivity and 180-degree and 45-degree enhancing viewfinders ([22]).

Nauticam confirmed that the NA-70D would support retrofit of the vacuum system to older housings for approximately $200 USD, including the valve and hand pump ([23]).

The NA-70D was the most popular housing choice based on forum mentions. User mojodiver stated “I have a Nauticam housing for my 7d and I wouldn’t buy any other brand. Their housings are top notch” when purchasing the 70D ([24]). However, maelstrom noted “the housing has had some issues which required a return to the dealer for repair” ([25]). A complete NA-70D system was listed at $3,900 (later reduced to $3,400) on the classifieds, with the housing alone at $2,500 ([26]).

Aquatica A70D

Announced November 2013 at DEMA Show, where it was displayed on the Aquatica booth and shown to Wetpixel editors Adam Hanlon and Abi Smigel Mullens by Jean Bruneau ([27]). Available from January 2014 at $2,699 USD. Built from 6061 T6 marine-grade aluminum, anodized to MIL-A-8625 military specification and powder-coated. Featured a redesigned Quick Command control, an AF-ON lever with rotating collar (eliminating protruding levers), and a thumb-activated ISO lever. Shipped with Aquatica’s new “Pressure Check” vacuum system with temperature compensation and color-coded LED status indication (green = sealed, orange = losing vacuum, red with alarm = leak). Depth rated to 90m (upgradeable to 130m/425ft). Weight 3.175 kg with grips. The port system included four dome port sizes (4”, 6”, 8”, and 9.25” Megadome), three flat ports, and nine extension rings. Strobe connectivity was notably versatile, accepting optical fiber, Nikonos-type connectors, or Ikelite bulkhead connections ([28]).

Sea & Sea MDX-70D

Released in two phases: details announced November 2013 ([29]), with formal availability announced December 2013 at $2,999.95 USD ([30]). Machined from solid aluminum alloy and hard anodized. The MDX-70D introduced Sea & Sea’s new Internal Optical YS Converter, which converted the camera’s hot-shoe TTL signal to a fiber-optic light signal — providing sync-cord-like TTL accuracy without the leak risk of threaded bulkheads. Compatible with YS-D1, YS-01, and YS-110alpha strobes; TTL/Manual modes were switchable externally via button with LED color indicator. The housing featured an 8-way multi-selector matching the camera’s control layout, an externally accessible port lock for lens changes without opening the housing, built-in leak sensor, dual sacrificial zinc diodes, and a 100m/330ft depth rating. Included the Optical Viewfinder 0.5x as standard, with optional VF180 1.2x and VF45 1.2x viewfinders ([31]). The MDX-70D was later listed as compatible with Sea & Sea’s 2022 vacuum leak detection system ([32]).

Forum user hollywoodivers reported finding the 70D “really enjoyable to use in a Sea and Sea Housing and compact with the Tokina 10-17mm Dome Port” ([33]). A Sea & Sea MDX-70D housing with Canon 70D camera with approximately 30 dives was listed at $2,100 in August 2015 ([34]).

Recsea RDH-C70D

Announced February 2014 and available immediately. CNC-machined from corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy with complete camera function control. Notably lightweight at 1.685 kg (housing only) or 2.170 kg with aluminum dual grip. Nearly neutral buoyancy in fresh water at 0.100 kg with camera, 18-55mm lens port and gear installed. Rated to 100m depth. The port system supported a wide range of lenses including Canon EF-S 60mm macro, Canon EF 100mm macro, Tokina 10-17mm fisheye, Canon EF-S 10-22mm, Sigma 50mm macro, Sigma 70mm macro, and Sigma 17-70mm. Recsea also offered port adapters for Inon, Sea & Sea, Nexus, Subal, and Olympus port systems ([35]).

Hugyfot

Images released May 2014 showing the housing fitted with Hugyfot’s trademark vacuum leak detection system and a redesigned handle system. No detailed specifications or pricing were published in the Wetpixel announcement ([36]).

Inon X-2

Shipping from May 2015, the last housing to market — nearly two years after the camera’s release. The X-2 was distinctive for its cast aluminum construction (as opposed to CNC machined), which allowed material to be added to specific areas for optimized strength-to-weight ratios and enabled curved designs not possible with machining. Featured four Optical D connectors as standard for Inon’s S-TTL Auto system, with an internal mirror to efficiently direct built-in flash light to the fiber optics. Supported four interchangeable viewfinders: Finder Window, Pick-up Finder 2, 45-degree viewfinder, and Straight viewfinder. The MRS (Magnetic Rotating System) port system used magnetic coupling for stress-free manual focus control. Compatible with the UFL-MR130 EFS60 Underwater Micro Fisheye Lens for creative video work. Not all camera controls were accessible — the AF area selection mode button, multi-controller, and multi-function lock switch were inaccessible ([37]).

Inon later released the X-2 Lanyard Plate as an optional accessory for both the X-2 for EOS 70D and EOS 6D housings, shipping from June 1, 2016 ([38]). In April 2019, Inon shipped the Straight Viewfinder Unit II for X-2, a redesigned viewfinder specifically designed for full-frame SLRs and compatible with the X-2 housing line ([39]).

Polaroid

In March 2016, Polaroid launched a budget polycarbonate housing for the Canon 70D with 18-55mm lens, rated to 130 feet (40m) with a fixed port. Priced between $99.99 and $599.99 depending on model, the Polaroid housings represented a low-end alternative for casual underwater use ([40]).

Based on forum discussions, the most commonly used lenses with the 70D underwater were:

AF/MF Switching Limitation

A notable limitation for Canon DSLR users in housings was the inability to switch between autofocus and manual focus underwater. Unlike Nikon cameras, which have an AF/MF switch on the camera body accessible via a housing lever, Canon EF lenses place the AF/MF switch on the lens barrel, which is covered by the manual focus gear inside the housing. Forum user tom_kline explained: “There is no Canon camera body counterpart to the MF-AF switch found on Nikon camera bodies. Instead, EF lenses have an AF-MF switch on the lens itself.” Users developed workarounds using custom mode settings to assign metering-only to the shutter half-press, effectively disabling AF while preserving focus-now capability via back-button AF ([49]).

Wi-Fi for Underwater Use

The 70D’s built-in Wi-Fi found a practical niche among underwater photographers despite not functioning through water. Forum user cerianthus reported being able to “browse the pictures using the app while the camera is still in its housing” via direct Wi-Fi connection, avoiding the need to open the housing between dives. However, “if you want to download Raw it is pretty slow” ([50]). User string confirmed the utility: “I don’t need to break open the housing in between dives or often after a days diving. The battery gets me hundreds of shots without a charge so that’s often a few days worth” ([51]).

Nauticam’s press release noted that via the Canon EOS Remote app, the camera could even be controlled remotely from a smartphone while in the housing, though this was primarily useful topside (“Leave your camera out in the rain while you control it from inside with your smartphone”). Nauticam explicitly noted that “WiFi signals do not propagate in water” ([52]).

User cal noted the feature was particularly valuable for underwater fashion photography: “The creative director and team can be looking at real time images from the shoot without opening the housing” ([53]).

Community Reception

Initial Anticipation

Before the camera’s release, there was significant anticipation in the video community. Nick Hope considered the 70D alongside the Canon 5D Mark III and Panasonic GH3, noting it “might be superior to either… as a ‘jack of all trades’ cam” but expressed interest in a potential Magic Lantern hack to unlock raw video capability. Drew Wong weighed in on weather-sealing claims, criticizing Canon’s comparison to the 1D N as “marketing BS” while noting the 70D likely had sealing comparable to the 7D ([54]).

User Experiences

Forum user andresmith characterized the 70D as offering “7D like image quality and autofocus performance but with the added bonus of video which is way more user friendly” ([55]). New user thenomadtrip noted limited early adoption: “I can also tell that there isn’t wide-spread use yet” when joining in January 2014, asking about settings and the Tokina lens for pelagics ([56]).

User decostanza chose the 70D specifically for cave diving video, noting the continuous autofocus would be “a godsend for video” ([57]).

Forum user cerianthus, responding to a camera advice thread, described being “quite happy with the 70d that sits in the middle” between the Canon 300D/40D range and the 7D Mark II, and recommended it alongside the Nikon D7200 as a comparable alternative ([58]).

SLR vs. Mirrorless Debate

The 70D figured prominently in the SLR vs. mirrorless debate. Forum user dr.rob, frustrated by Canon’s slow mirrorless development, noted enviously that “all the major housing manufacturers have made all sorts of ports to fit pretty much any lens one could use underwater” for the 70D and 7D Mark II. He initially bought into Canon’s mirrorless EOS M system but found it limited by slow AF and lack of lenses, leading him to reconsider the 70D’s broader ecosystem ([59]).

Critical Assessment

Steve Douglas and Adam Hanlon exchanged views about the camera’s coverage on Wetpixel. Douglas criticized the publication of Canon’s press release, noting he had “learned from experience that simply reprinting a companies press releases does not always provide accurate evaluation.” Hanlon replied that the press release was clearly labeled as such and noted “we do not have plans to review it currently, but would be interested in doing so.” No in-depth Wetpixel underwater review of the 70D was ever published ([60]).

Comparison with Alternatives

In a forum thread comparing the 70D with the Canon PowerShot G1 X Mark II, hollywoodivers endorsed the 70D in a Sea & Sea housing, stating “just don’t even know where to begin when making the comparison to a G1X. Totally different experience” and recommending either the Sea & Sea or Nauticam housing ([61]). The G1 X Mark II was criticized by multiple users for slow focus, poor serial shooting, and image quality only marginally better than older Micro Four Thirds cameras ([62]).

Some 70D users later considered switching to mirrorless systems for compactness, particularly for freediving, while acknowledging the housing size was similar ([63]). By 2020, forum discussion about the phase-out of APS-C DSLRs noted the 70D as a “dated” system lacking 4K video but without a clear successor that combined underwater and topside versatility ([64]).

Resale Market

The 70D appeared regularly on the Wetpixel classifieds. A complete NA-70D housing with Canon 70D kit and Canon 10-22mm lens was listed at $3,900 (later reduced to $3,400) in April 2015, with the housing alone priced at $2,500 ([65]). A Sea & Sea MDX-70D housing with Canon 70D camera with approximately 30 dives was listed at $2,100 in August 2015 ([66]). By September 2015, users were actively seeking used NA-70D housings on the Wetpixel classifieds, suggesting strong secondhand demand ([67]).

Successor: Canon EOS 80D

The Canon EOS 80D, announced February 18, 2016, directly addressed the 70D’s most significant limitations while maintaining the same $1,199 body price. Key improvements included a 45-point all cross-type AF system (vs. 19 on the 70D), “wider both horizontally and vertically for easier compositions with off-center subjects”; a new 24.2-megapixel sensor with improved ISO range of 100-16000; improved Dual Pixel CMOS AF with enhanced tracking sensitivity; 1080p at 60 fps (vs. 30 fps on the 70D); DIGIC 6 processor; built-in headphone jack; and NFC capability. Canon specifically highlighted the upgrade path from the 70D, noting the improvements to both the AF system and the Dual Pixel CMOS AF as key differentiators ([68]).

Place in the Canon APS-C Lineup

The 70D succeeded the Canon EOS 60D (2010) and was itself succeeded by the Canon EOS 80D (2016), which added 45-point all cross-type AF and improved video specs but still lacked 4K. The Dual Pixel CMOS AF technology introduced in the 70D became standard across Canon’s subsequent cameras, appearing in the 7D Mark II, 80D, 5D Mark IV, and 1D X Mark II, and eventually all Canon mirrorless bodies. The Canon EOS 90D (2019) was described in forum discussions as the “last edition” of Canon’s APS-C DSLR line ([69]).

Timeline

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