Anilao, Philippines

Country: Philippines
Province: Batangas, Luzon
Type: muck / macro / reef
Best known for: World-class macro photography, blackwater diving, nudibranch diversity, Verde Island Passage biodiversity
Key resorts: Crystal Blue Resort, Acacia Resort and Dive Center, Buceo Anilao, Aiyanar Beach and Diver Resort, Club Ocellaris, Dive Solana
Wetpixel coverage: 58 articles, multiple forum threads, official media partner of the Anilao Underwater Shootout

Overview

Anilao is a small township on a peninsula in Batangas province, about three hours south of Manila by car. The name now refers broadly to all dive sites within reach of Balayan Bay, Batangas Bay, and Maricaban Island ([1]). The area sits at the heart of the Verde Island Passage (VIP), which separates the main island of Luzon from Mindoro. Scientists consider this passage the center of the center of the Coral Triangle — the most biodiverse marine region on Earth ([2]). Filipino photographer Kellda Centeno described the Philippines as the “Center of the Center” of marine fish biodiversity, with “the highest density of species per unit area” ([3]).

Geography and Oceanography

The unique geology and oceanography of the area drive its extraordinary biodiversity. Nutrient-rich currents from the Western Pacific and the South China Sea flow through the passage, with seasonal trade winds creating upwellings that mix deep cold water with warm surface layers. Two deep-set bays act as nurseries for larval fish and planktonic organisms, refreshing twice daily with tidal flow ([4]). The result is exceptionally dense and diverse macro life: frogfish, rhinopias, flamboyant cuttlefish, ghost pipefish, nudibranchs, and Coleman shrimp are regular sightings ([5]).

The cooler waters washing over the reefs have so far provided some protection against the coral bleaching affecting other regions ([6]). Pelagic life is limited — whale sharks, mantas, mola mola, and thresher sharks are sporadic rather than reliable ([7]).

Dive Sites

The area has 54 recognized dive sites plus three around nearby Verde Island ([8]). Notable sites include:

Diving is typically done from bangka boats (small open plywood boats with outriggers and diesel engines), with four dives per day common — two morning dives, an afternoon dive, and a dusk or night/blackwater dive. Most sites are within 30 minutes of the resorts ([19]). Private boats and guides can be hired for the day at modest cost, typically US$60-75 for two divers per dive ([20]).

Macro vs. Wide-Angle

While Anilao is best known for macro, forum members debated whether it was “all macro diving.” Community consensus held that while macro is the star attraction, several sites offer excellent wide-angle opportunities. Most Anilao macro sites are not typical black sand muck sites — they feature white sand with coral outcroppings and good to very good visibility. A few “trashy” sites near local villages are classic muck dives with blue-ringed octopus and diverse nudibranchs ([21]).

Experienced forum members compared Anilao favorably to Lembeh Strait in Indonesia. One regular visitor noted Anilao was “more target rich per dive than Lembeh,” though opinions varied — a Manila-based diver found Lembeh had “noticeably higher density of interesting critters per dive.” Rhinopias were considered easier to find in Anilao during the right season, while Anilao’s proximity to Manila (a three-hour drive versus flights and boat transfers to Lembeh) was a significant practical advantage ([22]).

Nudibranch Capital

Anilao holds a unique distinction in the world of underwater photography as a nudibranch diversity hotspot. Mike Bartick organized nudibranch workshops at Crystal Blue Resort that produced a world record: 591 nudibranch species were documented over 18 dive days, all found exclusively on the Anilao peninsula and surrounding islands. Combined with earlier data from a California Academy of Sciences study led by Dr. Terry Gosliner, this pushed Anilao past the 1,000 recorded nudibranch species mark, making it the world’s number one destination for nudibranch species diversity ([23]).

The workshops, led by nudibranch expert Dave Behrens with verification by Jim Anderson of the Scottish Nudibranch Base, documented rare species including Kalinga ornata (a lie-and-wait predator), Limenendra bernosii (a deep-dwelling nocturnal species), Miamira alleni (nicknamed “Battleships” for their large size), and Melibe colemani (an extraordinarily difficult subject to find and photograph). The local species Halgerda batangas is even named after the province ([24]).

Blackwater Diving

Anilao became one of the world’s premier blackwater diving destinations, extensively documented on Wetpixel. Blackwater diving involves open-ocean night dives over deep water using a lit downline to attract planktonic organisms during their nightly vertical migration from the depths ([25]).

Filipino photographer Scott “Gutsy” Tuason pioneered blackwater photography in the Philippines. He was introduced to the technique in Hawaii in 2012 and brought it to the Philippines, developing it extensively in Anilao’s Balayan Bay and Maricaban Strait. His book Blackwater and Ocean Blue (published circa 2017) documented the practice, and he was featured in a Wetpixel interview and Full Frame gallery showcasing images of mating sea butterflies from Maricaban Strait, larval flounder from Balayan Bay, and other extraordinary finds ([26], [27]).

Mike Bartick further developed blackwater diving at Crystal Blue Resort, conducting most of his dives in Balayan Bay. His encounters included multiple sightings of the blanket octopus (Tremoctopus gracilis), one of the ocean’s most elusive creatures. His first sighting was a female over one meter long, and over subsequent seasons he documented both males (only 2cm long, exhibiting the most extreme sexual dimorphism of any non-microscopic animal) and females carrying eggs. He observed blanket octopus carrying jellyfish tentacles for defense and unfurling their spectacular purple-green webbing ([28]).

Filmmaker Fan Ping shot his blackwater documentary Diving into the Unknown Galaxy in Anilao in 2019, following photographer Songda Cai’s obsession with blackwater imagery. It was filmed on a RED Helium 8K camera at 120fps to capture the fast-moving subjects ([29]).

Cephalopod Photography

Beyond nudibranchs and blackwater subjects, Anilao became known as a cephalopod photography destination. Bartick described the “Big Four” octopus encounters for the Indo-Pacific: wunderpus (Wunderpus photogenicus), mimic octopus (Thaumoctopus mimicus), coconut octopus (Amphioctopus marginatus), and blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena sp.). All four can be found in Anilao, along with the related mototi octopus. Forum members noted that blue-ringed octopus were most reliably found at the “trash-dominated” muck site near local villages, while rhinopias and wunderpus were common during their respective seasons ([30], [31]).

Wetpixel Coverage

Mike Bartick and Crystal Blue Resort

Anilao’s rise as a premier macro destination was extensively documented on Wetpixel, largely through the work of Mike Bartick, who manages Crystal Blue Resort. Bartick first visited Anilao in 2006 and was “blown away by everything.” By 2011, he had partnered with the resort’s owner to create what he describes as “the first dedicated underwater photographers resort in Anilao” ([32]). He has logged over 4,000 dives in the area ([33]).

Bartick wrote a prolific series of technique articles for Wetpixel, all developed and photographed in Anilao:

Bartick also reviewed gear in Anilao conditions, including the Backscatter Mini Flash (MF-1) and Optical Snoot (OS-1) ([42]). He published The World of Blackwater as an ebook in 2022, drawing heavily on his Anilao night diving work ([43]).

Crystal Blue Resort was consistently recommended by Wetpixel forum members as the top operation in Anilao. One regular visitor declared it simply “the best operation in Anilao,” noting the quality of guides and seamless logistics ([44]). The resort also served as a prize in photography competitions, including the 2020 Share Our Air contest organized by Dive into the Pink ([45]).

Other Photographers and Galleries

Anilao Underwater Shootout

The Anilao Underwater Shootout, organized by the Philippine Department of Tourism (DOT), became the world’s largest live underwater photography competition. First held in 2013, it grew into an annual five-day event dubbed “The World Cup of Underwater Photo Competitions” ([50]).

Competition Format

The event was organized by the DOT along with the Resort Owners Association of Mabini (ROAM) and corporate sponsors. The hub of operations was at Acacia Resort and Dive Center, managed by Oliver Ang ([51]). Competitors registered and were issued unique camera settings embedded in their image metadata to verify authenticity. Two classes existed — “Open” (interchangeable lens cameras) and “Compact” — with categories including Macro/Super Macro, Marine Behavior, Nudibranch, Fish Portrait, Blackwater/Bonfire, and GoPro/iPhone ([52]).

The competition maintained a firm no-manipulation ethos. All local guides signed agreements prohibiting interference with marine life, and each guide wore an identity tag for accountability. Contestants received badges listing environmental policies on the reverse ([53]).

History by Year

Notable Winners

Key Photographers

Conservation and Ethics

The Verde Island Passage was under consideration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as of 2020, but lacked protective measures against refineries and manufacturing in the surrounding bays. Agricultural runoff and grey water from large companies operating with minimal regulation also threaten the ecosystem ([67]). Several Marine Protected Areas exist within the Anilao area, including Twin Rocks and Arthurs ([68]).

The issue of diver impact on marine life was addressed in a 2018 Wetpixel article by marine biologist Maarten de Brauwer, who cited Anilao alongside Lembeh Strait as destinations receiving heavy diver traffic where accumulated photographer interference can harm fragile species. His research found that photographers with DSLR cameras spent an average of three minutes with individual critters (versus 30 seconds for non-photographers), touching the bottom up to five times more often. He called for dive operations and photography competitions to enforce ethical standards against manipulation ([69]). The Anilao Shootout addressed these concerns by requiring all guides to attend mandatory environmental briefings and sign contracts outlining behavioral standards ([70]).

Dive Resorts

The Wetpixel forum community provided detailed comparisons of Anilao’s resorts:

Guidebooks

Three major guides to Anilao diving were published and covered on Wetpixel:

PHIDEX

The Philippine International Dive Expo (PHIDEX), organized by the DOT, featured Anilao as a top dive destination for familiarization tours alongside Bohol, Coron, Dumaguete, and Malapascua. The 2022 edition at SMX Convention Center in Manila featured talks by Alex Mustard, Gutsy Tuason, Mike Bartick, Adam Hanlon, and others. Wetpixel was listed as a media partner ([81]).

Timeline

Community Discussion

Anilao generated extensive forum discussion on Wetpixel, covering practical matters for visiting photographers:

References


Sources

  1. Wetpixel article, Mar 31, 2020: Going Big In Little Town By Mike Bartick
  2. Wetpixel article, Sep 10, 2015: Anilao Biodiversity And Dive Guide Launched At Drt Show
  3. Wetpixel article, Jan 17, 2019: Philippines Kellda Centeno
  4. Wetpixel article, Mar 31, 2020: Going Big In Little Town By Mike Bartick
  5. Wetpixel article, Apr 19, 2018: Nicholas More Anilao
  6. Wetpixel article, Mar 31, 2020: Going Big In Little Town By Mike Bartick
  7. Wetpixel article, Mar 31, 2020: Going Big In Little Town By Mike Bartick
  8. Wetpixel article, Sep 10, 2015: Anilao Biodiversity And Dive Guide Launched At Drt Show
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  10. Forum thread: Diving In Anilao And Puerto Galera
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  19. Wetpixel article, Apr 19, 2018: Nicholas More Anilao
  20. Forum thread: Is Anilao All Macro Diving
  21. Forum thread: Is Anilao All Macro Diving
  22. Forum thread: Is Anilao All Macro Diving
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  25. Wetpixel article, May 28, 2018: First Installment Of
  26. Wetpixel article, Mar 28, 2017: Interview Gutsy Tuason
  27. Wetpixel article, Mar 31, 2017: Scott Gutsy Tuason Blackwater Diving
  28. Wetpixel article, Apr 2, 2019: Mike Bartick Blanket Octopus
  29. Wetpixel article, Oct 15, 2019: Video Diving Into The Unknown Galaxy By Fan Ping
  30. Wetpixel article, Dec 31, 2018: The Big 4 By Mike Bartick
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  32. Wetpixel article, Jan 6, 2019: Conversations With Underwater Photographers Mike Bartick By Henley Spiers
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  35. Wetpixel article, Jun 28, 2018: Backlighting Article By Mike Bartick
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  42. Wetpixel article, Feb 5, 2020: Review Mike Bartick On The Backscatter Mini Flash And Optical Snoot
  43. Wetpixel article, Nov 1, 2022: Shipping The World Of Blackwater By Mike Bartick
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  122. The Big 4 by Mike Bartick (article)
  123. Mike Bartick: Slugfest (article)
  124. Mike Bartick: Reflection Tubes (article)
  125. Mike Bartick: Blanket Octopus (article)
  126. Video: Diving into the Unknown Galaxy by Fan Ping (article)
  127. Review: Mike Bartick on the Backscatter Mini Flash and Optical Snoot (article)
  128. Wetpixel Live: Blackwater Photography with Mike Bartick (article)
  129. Calling all Underwater Image Makers (article)
  130. Planning your Next Trip: How to get the Images You Want (article)
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  141. Results: Anilao Underwater Shootout 2018 (article)
  142. Video: Anilao Underwater Shootout 2018 (article)
  143. Major Announcement: Lembeh vs Anilao Shootout (article)
  144. Anilao Shootout Returns (article)
  145. Results: Anilao Underwater Shootout 2021 (article)
  146. Maarten de Brauwer: Time to stop mucking around? (article)
  147. Results: Share Our Air 2020 Contest (article)
  148. PHIDEX is Open (article)
  149. Shipping: The World of Blackwater by Mike Bartick (article)
  150. Is Anilao all macro diving? (forum) (forum)
  151. Diving in Anilao and Puerto Galera (forum) (forum)
  152. Anilao, reasonable accommodation (forum) (forum)